FROM THE T+D VAULTS

Revisiting Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Model

From January 1996

50 Years Ago…

Donald Kirkpatrick introduced his four-level mode of evaluation (Reaction, Learning, Behavior, and Results) in the November 1959 issue of T+D, which at the time was titled, Journal for the American Society for Training Directors. The subsequent articles appeared in the next three issues. Kirkpatrick set the cornerstone for what has become the most widely used training evaluation approach in the world. The model started as a 1954 dissertation and has become a recognized standard in workplace learning and performance.

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