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Story-Based Design Principles Premium Content

Friday, February 25, 2011 - by Terrence L. Gargiulo

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I feel we have a tendency to confuse communication with learning. Most of us spend the majority of our time in organizations communicating in the explicit ways expected of us. We think if we can't say it straight, or make a thought immediately digestible, then we have failed. But conversational forms of learning thrive on implicit communication. Stories are implicit. Although this may seem counterintuitive, stories used to stimulate the storytelling of others will yield the best results.

In addition, story has a natural connecting power. Consider:

  • A learning event is an unfolding story.
  • People craft a story to make sense of what they are learning.
  • Stories are at the intersection of people's synthesis of learning.
  • Stories are tools for thinking.
  • You can move through complex information more efficiently using story devices than with standard forms of discourse.
  • Breaking a story or a group of stories into a bunch of smaller pieces throughout a learning event helps anchor your learning and hold people's attention.
  • Scenarios can be used as mini virtual reality simulators to engage people in stimulating conversation.

As you design conversationally driven learning programs, keep in mind what I call the triple threat of storytelling - telling, listening to, and triggering stories.

Telling stories is the tip of the iceberg. We need to be able to listen for the stories, look for patterns that are emerging, and explore the contours of this terrain as meaning surfaces. Search for context and the story behind the story being shared. And perhaps most central to our discussion - learning events need to trigger and elicit stories from participants.

Don't be concerned if stories don't get shared during a live event. As long as people reflect on stories, they'll make invaluable links to your key messages. Stories touch our imaginations. Real changes in behavior related to performance percolate in our imaginations before they ever become visible.

Collaged anecdotes can become stories

Keep in mind that stories that create engagement don't need to be long drawn-out dramas. Two or more anecdotes woven together can be more effective than one big story. In fact, just as words mean different things to different people, stories are indexed with different tags in peoples' heads. The danger of limiting yourself to one big story is that you're treating stories as encoded messages. Stories tickle, tease, and invite participation. So collaging two or more stories together increases the likelihood that your stories will resonate with your learners.

The same holds true for stories you're likely to hear from others. In fact, they may not even look and feel like stories when first presented. They might be a pointer to a story - a short phrase uttered by someone that acts as a placeholder to an experience. These can be probed and expanded upon as time and circumstances permit during learning events.

Stories map to one another. We create relationships between the things people tell us and look for parallels. In this way, stories are also building blocks for learning. We learn by associating new pieces of information with existing ones. When experience remains isolated in a single domain, it is horribly inefficient. Roger Schank, founder of the Institute for the Learning Sciences at Northwestern University and founder of Socratic Arts, asserts that intelligence is the ability to easily index our vast array of experiences and make connections between old ones and new ones.

Stories are happening all the time. Here are a couple of quick ideas to get started:

Does your learning organization have a story bank?

  • Become mindful of stories.
  • Develop mechanisms for collecting stories from customers, employees, stakeholders, and other domains.
  • Offer people formal and structured, as well as informal or unstructured opportunities to share stories.

How do I get stories for my story bank?

  • Listen carefully to comments during live online learning events, meetings, project debriefs, and mentor and coaching programs.
  • Invite veteran employees to special focus groups designed to elicit stories.
  • Mine your social media outlets on a regular basis for stories.
  • Hold story contests.
  • Provide story prompts to get people going. Stories are some of the best prompts I know because one story usually leads to another.
  • Give people timelines.
  • Generate a good stream of questions.
  • Show genuine interest and curiosity in others, their experiences, and how they have formed their worldviews.

Three useful tools

Story-Based Design Principles

Communities of Practice:   Learning & Development

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